Challenges and Considerations for Modular Construction Systems in Seismic Prone Regions: A State-of-the-Art Review

Abstract

Modular construction has been increasingly used worldwide due to its fast assembly, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability; however, the performance of these structures in seismic-prone regions remains a significant engineering challenge. The seismic behavior of modular buildings varies significantly, depending on the configuration of prefabricated modules and their intra- and inter-connections. In recent years, several modular systems and connection techniques have been developed and are now commercially available. Despite significant advancements, modular construction in seismic-prone regions still encounters major challenges. These include ensuring robust inter-module connections for effective seismic load distribution, addressing differential displacements between stacked units, and improving load redistribution within the modular system. Additionally, variations in material stiffness and structural irregularities can lead to unexpected dynamic responses, increasing their seismic vulnerability. This paper reviews the main challenges of modular construction in seismic regions, providing insights into key design considerations and recommendations for future research