Solutions for Radon Prevention and Mitigation in Buildings

Abstract

Radon (Rn) is the largest natural source of ionizing radiation and exposure to high levels of this gas and its short-lived offspring over prolonged periods can become a public health problem. Radon exists in soils and building materials and can enter buildings by convection through cracks in the envelope or by diffusion through the envelope itself when it is porous, reaching concentrations above the recommended reference levels. The aim of this article is to present the factors that most influence the potential of radon gas in buildings and to indicate the main technological solutions for controlling, reducing and mitigating its effects. Calculations are presented showing that the proper sizing of membranes and ventilation systems ensures indoor air quality, whatever the level of radon in buildings. The conclusions highlight the importance of ventilation technologies in radon reduction systems, as well as their effectiveness in both preventing radon gas from entering and reducing its concentration once it has entered the building. Also noteworthy is the ability of protective barriers to insulate the building envelope, provided they are properly sized with the appropriate mechanical characteristics, with a special focus on installation requirements. Finally, the main future developments are outlined, with a view to ensuring greater sustainability of the materials, products and protection systems used.