Assessing the co-evolution of intermodal freight transport research and patenting technology trends for advancing green and intelligent logistics

Abstract

Green and intelligent freight logistics play a crucial role in driving sustainable development and are increasingly recognised as innovations within Logistics 5.0. This research examines the dynamics of knowledge transfer between academia and industry, focusing on intermodal transport and sustainability. By analyzing academic publications from Scopus and patents from PATENTSCOPE (2014–2024), this research employs advanced methodologies, including transformer-based keyword extraction and multilayer network analysis, to investigate indicators of knowledge transfer. Findings reveal distinct phases of technological innovation, including acceleration driven by AI, IoT, and blockchain technologies, followed by stabilization and consolidation in logistical operations. A patent surge after 2018 highlights industry-led advancements, contrasting with academia's focus on theoretical sustainability frameworks. However, cross-layer analyses highlight the declining industry adoption of academic findings, revealing gaps in the effective transfer of knowledge. The integration of mature innovations into logistical practices reflects the emergence of a consolidation phase. The findings underline the criticality of aligning academic discoveries with industrial applications, fostering mutual collaboration to drive the evolution of green logistics. By uncovering the dynamics underpinning sustainable innovation, the research contributes to the discourse on the twin transition towards greener and more intelligent freight logistics, offering pathways to strengthen academia-industry collaborations.