To what extent may pharmaceuticals and pesticides be removed by PAC conventional addition to low-turbidity surface waters and what are the potential bottlenecks?

Abstract

Pilot runs of powdered activated carbon/coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation (PAC/CFS) were conducted to investigate the removal of 19 pharmaceutical compounds and 9 pesticides as a function of their properties. PAC addition impact on the clarification effectiveness of low-turbidity surface waters was also explored.