Integrated maintenance model for heavy haul tracks – general basis and case studies

Abstract

Due to the necessity to transport each time more a bigger material amount, especially commodities, in the last years, the railways have developed cost effective strategies to increase capacity based on the axle loading increase. This, constitute a challenge for managers as the track can be saturated or even technically unsuitable for the unforeseen efforts that the components will be subjected provoking damage and causing track deterioration. As a result of traffic accumulation, railway components are affected by induced stresses provoking degradation of geometry over time. This, occurs either through partial geometry loss or through the development of specific damage to the component. To reduce the degradation impact, different maintenance methods are used. Tamping is a common procedure to restore geometry while grinding is used to partially eliminate rail roughness. The different maintenance types are performed according to different strategies. In the active approach, maintenance is executed according to pre-determined values for accumulated transported materials, while in the reactive strategy, a value for a structural or geometric parameter is used to determine when maintenance should be performed. Therefore, problems related to the degradation of railways subjected to high loads (larger than 22.5 tons/axle), entail a specific case. These loads attain values of approximately 40 tons/axle, as in the case of railways used for transporting commodities. In a heavy haul scenario, the higher load values lead to extra forces on the track elements that may cause excessive damage, hence causing faster eneral track deterioration. The preview of the evolution of the track structural and geometric parameters over time including the maintenances can provide basis for an analysis regarding its costs, being this, of paramount importance in an analysis concerning a certain implementation (e.g. load increase).