The use of Tijomel tiles in Portuguese modern architecture

Abstract

Several books present and discuss the use of azulejos in Portuguese modernist architecture. However, these tend to ignore the use of other glazed ceramics of uncertain classification in the same context. Through the process of identification of modern azulejos in Portugal, a new type of glazed ceramic lining has been found which may arguably be classified as azulejos. These are flat glazed ceramic mosaics with a module of 20 x 40 mm akin to azulejos. The only difference from what we usually understand as azulejos results from the facial dimensions. They were manufactured at Ourém, Portugal, by a company named Tijomel from 1960 to 1980 and are a unique product that was widely used at the street level as well as in certain details of modern buildings, such as columns or entrance doors. Tijomel tiles were often used with great creativity and quite striking results. The authors believe that this type of lining is worth considering as part of the modern heritage in Portuguese architecture and decoration. There are no studies regarding these azulejos nor known references to them in published bibliography. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present and discuss for the first time the use of the Tijomel mosaics, revealing a number of examples of use.